Insulin a History and Modern Alternatives

Introduction

Insulin is a hormone that plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels, and its discovery in the early 1920s by Canadian scientists Frederick Banting and Charles Best, with the help of John Macleod and James Collip, revolutionized diabetes treatment. Before insulin, diabetes was often a fatal disease, but this groundbreaking discovery transformed it into a manageable condition. Today, insulin continues to be a cornerstone in diabetes care, but advancements in technology and natural alternatives offer additional ways to support its management.

The cost of insulin, especially in the United States, has placed a significant financial burden on millions of patients. While recent price reductions have provided some relief, the need for affordable and effective diabetes management remains critical. This blog explores the history of insulin, how it’s made, it’s vital role in diabetes management and the emerging natural alternatives that can complement traditional treatments.

The History of Insulin

In the early 1920s, the medical community faced a major challenge; diabetes was a deadly disease with no effective treatment. That all changed when Banting and Best, under the guidance of Macleod and with Collip's assistance, successfully extracted insulin from the pancreas of dogs. This insulin was first administered to a diabetic dog, significantly lowering its blood glucose levels. Their work marked the beginning of a new era in diabetes treatment.

The first human to receive insulin was Leonard Thompson in 1922. This marked a turning point, diabetes shifted from a fatal disease to a manageable one. Insulin saved lives and its development has continued to evolve over the decades.

How Insulin is Made

Today, insulin production is a sophisticated process known as recombinant DNA technology, there are approximately six steps to the process:

• Gene Identification and Isolation: The human insulin gene is identified and isolated.
• Insertion into a Vector: This gene is inserted into a plasmid, a circular piece of DNA that acts as a vector.
• Transformation of Host Cells: The plasmid is introduced into a host cell, like E.coli or yeast, which is then cultured in large fermentation tanks.
• Expression and Production: The host cells produce proinsulin, which is then converted into functional insulin.
• Purification: The insulin is purified to remove impurities, ensuring it’s safe for medical use.
• Formulation and Packaging: Finally, the purified insulin is formulated into an injectable form and packaged for patient use.

This biotechnology allows for the mass production of insulin, making it widely available for people with diabetes worldwide.

 How Insulin Works

Insulin plays a crucial role in managing blood sugar levels, this is what it does:

• Lowering Blood Glucose Levels: Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood, lowering blood sugar levels.
• Facilitating Glucose Storage: It helps store excess glucose in the liver as glycogen, which is later released when blood sugar levels drop.
• Mimicking Natural Insulin Release: Different types of insulin mimic the body's natural insulin release patterns. For instance, rapid-acting insulin is used before meals, while long-acting insulin provides steady coverage throughout the day.
• Preventing Complications: Proper insulin management helps prevent long-term complications like kidney disease, nerve damage, heart disease, and vision problems.

By effectively managing blood sugar, insulin enables people with diabetes to lead healthier lives and reduces the risk of complications.

The High Cost of Insulin: A Financial Burden for Many

The cost of insulin has been a major concern, particularly in the United States. Over the years, the price of insulin has skyrocketed, making it difficult for many patients to afford this life-saving medication.

The image below portrays the cost disparities of insulin in the United States since 2004 and offers a worldwide comparison from 2022. While 2024 U.S government initiatives have driven significant price reductions and relief for many Americans, the high costs have historically driven interest in natural and organic alternatives to insulin. (Credit: Visual Capitalist, Pernia Jamshed and Shabeeb Hammad).

 

 

Natural and Organic Alternatives to Insulin

For those seeking natural or organic alternatives to complement traditional diabetes treatments, there are several options. While these alternatives can support blood sugar regulation, they should not replace prescribed medications or insulin.

Herbal Supplements:

• Cinnamon: Improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood sugar.
• Fenugreek: Rich in soluble fiber, it helps reduce blood sugar by slowing carbohydrate digestion.
• Berberine: Found in plants like goldenseal, it lowers blood sugar and improves insulin sensitivity.
• Bitter Melon: Contains compounds that mimic insulin and help lower blood sugar.

Dietary Changes:

• Low-Glycemic Index Foods: Foods like whole grains and non-starchy vegetables cause a slower rise in blood sugar.
• Apple Cider Vinegar: May improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar after meals.
• High-Fiber Foods: Foods like oats and vegetables stabilize blood sugar by slowing its absorption.

Lifestyle Practices:

• Regular Physical Activity: Exercise improves the body’s ability to use insulin and manage blood sugar.
• Mindfulness and Stress Reduction: Reducing stress can lower blood sugar levels.
• Adequate Sleep: Quality sleep supports healthy blood sugar levels.

Probiotics:

• Fermented Foods: Yogurt and kimchi contain probiotics that may improve gut health and insulin sensitivity.

Chromium and Magnesium:

• Chromium: Improves insulin sensitivity.
• Magnesium: Supports better blood sugar control.
• Aloe Vera: Contains compounds that may improve insulin sensitivity and help manage fasting blood sugar.
• Okra: The soluble fiber in okra can stabilize blood sugar levels.

These natural and organic alternatives can be beneficial in managing diabetes, but they should be integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan overseen by a medicla practitioner.

Products like Sugar Defender and Cellucare contain advanced blends of natural ingredients designed to support healthy glucose levels and promote natural weight loss. With key ingredients like Eleuthero, Coleus, Maca Root, African Mango, Guarana, Gymnema, Ginseng, and Chromium, the Blood Sugar Formula harnesses the power of nature to help maintain balanced blood sugar.

Understanding Insulin Resistance and Natural Alternatives

Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. It is often a precursor to type 2 diabetes and can result from factors like genetics, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet.

Early symptoms of insulin resistance may include fatigue, hunger, and weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. Recognizing these signs early is crucial for preventing further complications.

Natural alternatives can help manage insulin resistance alongside medical intervention:

• Dietary Changes: Incorporating low-glycemic foods, healthy fats, and fiber-rich foods can stabilize blood sugar.
• Physical Activity: Regular exercise increases insulin sensitivity.
• Weight Management: Losing excess weight, especially around the abdomen, improves insulin sensitivity.
• Stress Management: Reducing stress through techniques like meditation can improve overall health.

Herbal Supplements:

• Berberine: Improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood sugar.
• Cinnamon: Can improve insulin sensitivity, particularly in people with type 2 diabetes.
• Turmeric: Curcumin in turmeric has anti-inflammatory properties and can improve insulin sensitivity.

 Conclusion

The history of insulin is a testament to the power of scientific discovery in transforming lives. While insulin remains a cornerstone in diabetes management, natural and organic alternatives offer additional support. By understanding how insulin works, exploring natural options, and recognizing the importance of lifestyle changes, individuals can take control of their health.

However, it’s essential to consult with healthcare providers before making any significant changes. Natural approaches can complement but not replace conventional medical treatments. With the right approach, managing insulin resistance and diabetes is entirely possible, allowing for a healthier, more balanced life.